Operating Systems 390-FS1-1SO

Study profile: general academic
Form of study: full-time
Type of subject: compulsory
Field and discipline of science: Field of science and natural sciences, Discipline of physics.
Level of education: first-cycle studies
Year of study/semester: 1st year/1st semester
ECTS credits: 3
Prerequisites:

Student workload:
- participation in lectures (15 hours),
- participation in laboratories (30 hours),
- participation in consultations (15 hours),
- student's own work at home (15 hours),

Quantitative indicators:
- student workload related to classes requiring direct teacher participation - 2.4 ECTS;
- student workload related to independent work - 0.6 ECTS.

Rules for the use of artificial intelligence (AI):
During classes, the use of AI systems is permitted in the following areas:
1. Machine translation of source texts from foreign languages.
2. Searching for and organizing scientific sources.
3. Creating simulations and modeling of physical phenomena discussed in the lecture.

In the event of a violation of the above rules, the student may be held accountable under separate disciplinary regulations.

LECTURE familiarizes students with the following topics:
1. Processor operation - task execution. Machine language. System registers. The concept of a process. Multitasking.
2. Basic concepts in the field of operating systems: system kernel, processes, threads, signals and system interrupts, system resources, physical and virtual memory.
3. Types of operating systems - classification and examples. System startup. Virtual machines (Oracle's VirtualBox).
4. Computer hardware layer. Concepts of files and directories. File systems – FAT, NTFS, ext3/4. Concepts related to saving files on a hard drive. Defragmentation. I-nodes. File size.
5. Network operation. Network configuration. Basic concepts (IP address, MAC).
6. Pipes and streams. Working with batch files (scripts). Tools for working with text files (grep, sed). Other useful tools, including text editors.
7. Shell configuration (bash). Environment variables. Creating shell scripts. Loops and conditional statements.
9. System administrator work.

LABORATORIES
The main goal of the laboratory classes is to enable students to gain practical experience working with the Linux/Unix operating system. Students also learn about more advanced tools in Windows.
1. Starting the computer. Basic functions in the computer's BIOS. Working in Linux/Unix. Logging into the system – authentication, groups, permissions. Files and directories – attributes. Navigating directories (cd, ls, ls -l, pwd commands). Directory structure in Linux. System registry compared to /etc. Hardware configuration – /proc directory. Installed software – /bin and /usr/bin directories. File and program associations in Windows (registry) and Linux – file extensions (program file, file types: formatted and unformatted text; cat program). Program examples: cal (calendar) and date (date and time). Reading command instruction pages – man program. Text consoles – F1..F6. Logging out of the system. Working in a graphical environment (GUI), file manager.
2. Directory structure. Navigating the directory tree (cd, pwd, ls), querying the size of a directory, disk, or RAM (du, df, free). Disk naming in Linux. Copying files and directories (cp, mv, rm). Working in a graphical user interface (GUI) - file manager, copying files, deleting, renaming. Indirect and direct addressing. Searching for files on disk (find). Process manager in Linux/Unix (top, ps). Resource monitoring. File and directory permissions - chmod, chgrp commands. Output/input streams, pipes. Wc, grep commands.
3. Installing Linux/Unix in a virtual machine. Disk partitioning. Installing multiple operating systems on a single disk - in a virtual machine.
4. Remote work - ipconfig, ping, tracert, Putty, WinSC (Windows), ifconfig, taraceroute, ping, ssh, scp, rsync (Unix/Linux); browsing and copying in a GUI environment (including network).
5. Tools in Linux/Unix (bc, wc, tr, calc, date); running processes (bg, fg, jobs); measuring task time; assigning priorities to tasks;
6. Text editor (nano); working with text files (sed, grep).
7. Pipes and streams.
8. Batch files in Bash.
9. System administrator work. Installing software. Managing system libraries. Network configuration.