Astronomy 390-FS1-3AST

Study profile: general academic
Form of study: full-time
Type of subject: compulsory
Field and discipline of science: Field of science and natural sciences, Discipline of physics
Level of education: first-cycle studies
Year of study/semester: 3rd year/5th semester
ECTS credits: 3
Prerequisites:

Student workload:
- participation in lectures (30 hours),
- participation in laboratories (15 hours),
- participation in consultations (15 hours),
- student's own work at home (15 hours),
In addition, students are offered the opportunity to participate in consultations for 15 hours per semester.

Quantitative indicators:
- student workload related to classes requiring direct teacher participation - 2.4 ECTS;
- student workload related to independent work - 0.6 ECTS.

Rules for the use of artificial intelligence (AI):
During classes, the use of AI systems is permitted for the following purposes:
1. Machine translation of source texts from foreign languages.
2. Searching for and organizing scientific sources.
3. Creating simulations and modeling of physical phenomena discussed in the lecture.

In the event of a violation of the above rules, the student may be held accountable under separate disciplinary regulations.

Lecture (led by Prof. Piotr Jaranowski, PhD) covers the following topics:
1. the essence of astronomy, astronomical instruments;
2. Earth and the Moon;
3. the two-body problem and Kepler's laws;
4. The Sun and the Solar System;
5. Extrasolar planets;
6. Stars and their evolution;
7. Elements of general relativity and gravitational wave astronomy;
8. Galaxies;
9. Cosmology.

Lecture (led by Dr. M. Nikołajuk, professor at the University of Białystok) covers the following topics:
1. the essence of astronomy, astronomical instruments and observatories (including satellite observatories);
2. black bodies, determining the effective temperature of the Sun;
3. Earth (internal structure, atmosphere), Moon, the impact of microgravity on human health;
4. Kepler's laws;
5. Sun and Solar System (including planets, dwarf planets, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud);
6. Extrasolar planets (detection methods, examples);
7. brightness scale, Pogson's formula;
8. spectral scale and brightness scale, HR diagram, stars (dwarfs, giants, supergiants), their evolution using the Sun as an example;
9. eclipsing stars, pulsating stars, novae and supernovae;
10. white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes;
11. galaxies (the Milky Way, M31, the Local Group of Galaxies, superclusters and voids, types of galaxies);
12. elements of cosmology (Hubble's law, cosmic microwave background radiation, the Big Bang, dark matter and energy).

Laboratory -- workshop and lecture-style classes. The topics covered in the classes include the following:
1. the rotation of the celestial sphere as a result of the Earth's spin;
2. the movement of the Sun relative to the stars, seasonal changes in the position of the stars relative to the horizon and the seasons as a consequence of the Earth's movement around the Sun;
3. eclipses of the Sun and Moon;
4. astronomical coordinates; parallactic triangle,
5. Kepler's laws,
6. the Sun, proper motion of stars,
7. determining the basic parameters of exoplanets from observations.
8. the Sun in the Milky Way,
9. galaxy escape.
10. sky observations [additional activities, carried out in the evening in winter, weather permitting and if the group wants to come]: observations (visual, using binoculars and a telescope) of the most interesting astronomical objects, e.g., selected planets, double star systems, the Orion Nebula, globular clusters, open clusters;